Posted by Arowosegbe Olawale in General

Figure 1.2. - Examples of Early CCTV Cameras

The history and evolution of CCTV is a fascinating journey, marked by innovation driven by both industrial and personal needs. Starting from the pioneering years of 1940s - 1960s, the early implementations and technological advancement of 1970s - 1990s - to the modern era of 2,000s and beyond: 

The Pioneering Years (1940s-1960s):

• In 1942, the first documented use of CCTV emerged in Germany. Engineer Walter Bruch needed a way to monitor V-2 rocket launches remotely, leading to building a system for safe observation from a distance.
• Fast forward to 1962, and we see a very different application. American inventor Marie Van Brittan Brown, feeling unsafe in her neighborhood, designed a closed-circuit security system for the home. Her vision included a camera to monitor visitors, projecting their image on a television screen, along with a panic button for immediate police contact. Brown even envisioned a multi-level peephole system with a sliding camera for a wider view.

Early Implementations and Technological Advancements (1970s-1990s):

• CCTV made its debut on British streets in 1960, initially as a temporary measure for crowd control during a royal visit. The first permanent CCTV cameras followed in London's railway stations a year later to enhance security.
• Despite poor picture quality in the late 1970s, CCTV remained valuable for high-security locations like banks. However, the introduction of VCRs revolutionized the technology. Footage could now be recorded, allowing CCTV systems to operate independently.
• The 1990s saw the rise of digital multiplexing. This innovation enabled simultaneous recording from multiple cameras, along with time-lapse and motion detection features. Multiple camera feeds could now be displayed on a single screen, making it easier for individuals and businesses to monitor various locations.
• Late in the 90s, digital video recorders (DVRs) arrived on the scene. These user-friendly devices offered increased storage capacity and superior image quality compared to magnetic tapes. A key advantage was the ability to program recording for motion detection only, eliminating the need to watch hours of uneventful footage.

The Modern Era: Networked Solutions and Beyond (2000s-Present):

Today, Network Video Recorders (NVRs) are increasingly common. These wireless systems process video data directly at the camera before streaming it to the NVR for storage and remote viewing. NVRs are typically paired with IP cameras, while DVRs remain compatible with analog systems.

CCTV technology has come a long way since its humble beginnings. From monitoring rockets to securing homes and businesses, CCTV has become a vital tool for safety and security in the modern world.

2. CONCEPTUALIZATION OF A CCTV SYSTEM

By adhering to a well-thought-out design procedure, businesses are better able to make informed purchases that will ultimately lead to the acquisition and installation of a CCTV system that effectively meets all of their needs. When designing a CCTV system, it is important to first conduct a thorough needs assessment to identify potential security risks and develop strategies to address them. When planning a CCTV system, it's important to have a solid understanding of what's needed, conduct a thorough site survey, and choose and install the right equipment.